Weather Station Monitoring Solution Datasheet

Solution Overview

Description

The Weather Station Solution is built with RAK Sensor Hub and RK900-09 Miniature Ultrasonic Weather Station Sensor. This solution features a high-strength structural design, ensuring reliable operation even in the harshest of climates and environments. Equipped with high-precision sensors, the Weather Station Solution is ideal for environmental monitoring, industry, agriculture, and transportation.

With the plug-and-play feature of the Sensor Hub, the Weather Station Solution comes with pre-installed components ready for easy installation and connection. The sensor provides highly accurate wind speed and direction, temperature, humidity, and pressure readings, with the Sensor Hub collecting and transmitting the data via LoRaWAN or NB-IoT/CAT M1.

The Sensor Hub’s connectivity function allows for versatile data transmission to the cloud using the two most commonly used communication protocols in IoT. This versatility ensures that data is readily available for storage, visualization, and in-depth analysis, enabling informed decision-making based on comprehensive knowledge of the weather.

Features

• Support LoRa and NB-IoT/LTE CAT-M wireless communication modes
• Support LoRaWAN frequency bands: CN470, EU868, IN865, RU864, US915, AU915, KR920, and AS923-1/2/3/4
• Easy to install and configure
• Configurable network access with the WisToolBox mobile app
• RS485 output
• High precision
• Versatile climate assessment
• High-strength structural design
• IP rating: IP65
• Support solar panel and 12 V_DC power adapter for power supply

Specifications

Sensor Hub Specifications

For details, refer to the RAK2560 WisNode Sensor Hub Datasheet.

Sensor Probe IO + Weather Station Sensor Specifications

Sensor Probe IO Datasheet

• For details, refer to the Probe IO Datasheet.

Micro Weather Sensor Datasheet

Monitoring Item	Parameter Content	Range	Resolution	Precision
Wind Speed	Ultrasonic Wave	0 ~ 40 m/s	0.01 m/s	±0.5+2%FS
Wind Direction		0 ~ 359°	1°	±3°
Atmospheric Temperature	MEMS	-40 ~ +100° C	0.1° C	±0.5° C
Atmospheric Humidity		0 ~ 100%RH	0.1%RH	±3%
Atmospheric Pressure		10 ~ 1100 hPa	0.1 hPa	±1.5 hPa
Power Supply	12 VDC
Output	RS485
Communication Protocol	Modbus-RTU
Power Consumption	0.6 W
Operating Temperature		-40 ~ +80° C
IP Rating	IP65
Main Materials	ABS + Aluminum alloy

Solar Cell System Datasheet

Definition of Terms

List of Abbreviations

Abbreviation	Definition
BMS	Battery Management System
BMU	Battery Management Unit
BOL	Begin of Life
Bus-bar	Battery Pole Connecting Rod
CMC	Cell Manager Circuit
EOL	End of Life
HV	High Voltage
LV	Low Voltage
OCV	Open Circuit Voltage
SOC	State of charge

Terminologies

Terminology	Definition
Battery Cell	Commonly known as a battery. It is the fundamental unit of energy storage, which converts chemical energy to electrical energy.
Battery Module	The intermediate energy storage unit comprises several individual cells, circuitry components, and electrical and communication interfaces.
Battery Pack	A comprehensive power system consisting of multiple battery modules and circuits working together to supply power to electrical devices.
Rated Voltage	Refers to the approximate voltage value that a battery is designed to operate at or provide.
Capacity	The amount of electrical charge that a fully charged battery can store and subsequently provide to a device or system. Unit: Ampere-hours (Ah)
Energy Capacity	The total amount of energy that a fully charged battery can deliver under specific conditions. Unit: Watt-hours (Wh) or kilowatt-hours (kWh)
Rated Capacity	At the beginning of life (BOL), the minimum capacity that a fully charged battery can provide at a discharge rate of 1 C (discharge C-rate).
Unit	V: Volt, voltage
	A: Ampere, current
	Ah: Ampere-hour, electric charge
	Wh: Watt-hour, electrical energy
	Ω: Ohm, resistance
	° C: Celsius, temperature
	mm: millimeter, length
	s: second, time
	kg: kilogram, weight
	Hz: Hertz, frequency

Main Specifications

Parameter	Technical Specifications	Remark
Battery Model	RAK9154
Battery Cell Model	Rechargeable cylindrical lithium-ion battery H18650CH	H18650CH or products of the same level
Rated Capacity	5200 mAh	5.2 Ah
Rated Voltage	10.8 V	Single cell voltage 3.6 V
Operating Voltage Range	9 V～12.6 V
Rated Power	56.16 Wh
SOC Transportation Range	0.5
Operating Temperature	Charging temperature: 0° C ~ 45° C
	Discharging temperature: -20° C ~ 60° C
Storage Temperature	-20° C ~ 60° C	Over 3 months @ 25° C
Operating Humidity	20 ~ 80%RH
PV input	18 V/1.0 A	Typical
Maximum PV Input Voltage	30 V	Open circuit voltage
Maximum Charging Continuous Current	0.2 C (1.0 A)	Limited by solar chargers
Maximum Discharge Continuous Current	0.4 C (2.0 A)
∆ Voltage	≤20 mV	Rest for at least 2 hours after charging or discharging
Weight	0.85 Kg
Size	Length: 180 (±3) mm Width: 130 (±3) mm Height: 60 (±3) mm

Interfaces

Battery System Structure

As shown in Figure 1, the RAK9154 battery system comprises two sets of three 2600 mAh battery units connected in series. The system also incorporates one (1) BMS board integrated with an 18 V input solar charger.

Figure 13020: RAK9154 battery system

Electrical Characteristics

Figure 13021: RAK9154 electrical diagram

Figure 13022: System circuit schematic

Connector	Connector Socket Model	Connector Plug Model	Definition	Remark
Gateway Load	SP1110/P4	SP1110/P4-N	Pin1: P+	SP11 IP67 Rated current 2 A Contact diameter 0.75 mm * 4
			Pin2: P-
			Pin3: R485A
			Pin4: RS485B
Sensor Hub Load	SP1110/P5	SP1110/P5-N	Pin1: P+	SP11 IP67 Rated current 2 A Contact diameter 0.75 mm * 4
			Pin2: P-
			Pin3: TXD
			Pin4: 3V3_In
			Pin5: RXD
PV Input	SP1110/P2	SP1110/P2-N	Pin1: PV+	SP11 IP67 Rated current 2 A Contact diameter 0.75 mm * 4
			Pin1: PV-

Sensor Characteristics

The following table shows the sensor data definition and the data format of the Weather Station Solution.

• Register Summary

Register Name	Function Code	Register Address	Data Length	Sensor Code	Ratio	Unit	Resolution	Range	Precision
Wind Speed	0x03	0x0000	2	0xBE	m/s	0.01 m/s	0 ~ 40 m/s	0.01
Wind Direction	0x03	0x0001	2	0xBF	°	1°	0 ~ 359°	1
Temperature	0x03	0x0002	2	0x67	° C	0.1° C	-40 ~ 100° C	0.1
High Humidity	0x03	0x0003	2	0x70	%	0.1%RH	0 ~ 100%RH	0.1
Pressure	0x03	0x0004	2	0x73	mbar	0.1 hPa	10 ~ 1100 hPa	0.1

• Data Interpretation

Sensor Data Unit	ID (Channel)	Type	Data
Wind Speed	1 Byte	1 Byte	2 Bytes
Wind Direction	1 Byte	1 Byte	2 Bytes
Temperature	1 Byte	1 Byte	2 Bytes
Humidity	1 Byte	1 Byte	2 Bytes
Air Pressure	1 Byte	1 Byte	2 Bytes

With the defined data, here's how to interpret the payload received data:

Data Sample 1:

Payload (hex) received data: 1be000002bf000003670122047001ac057324fe

Sensor Data Unit	ID (Channel)	Type	Data
Wind Speed	01	be	0000
Wind Direction	02	bf	0000
Temperature	03	67	0122
Humidity	04	70	01ac
Air Pressure	05	73	24fe

Convert the sensor data from hexadecimal to decimal:

• Wind Speed: 01be
• Data: 0000

0000 (hex) = 0 (dec)
0 x 0.01 (conversion factor) = 0 m/s

• Wind Direction: 02bf
• Data: 0000

0000 (hex) = 0 (dec)
0 x 1 (conversion factor) = 0°

• Temperature: 0367
• Data: 0122

0122 (hex) = 290 (dec)
290 x 0.1 (conversion factor) = 29° C

• Humidity: 0470
• Data: 01ac

01ac (hex) = 428 (dec)
428 x 0.1 (conversion factor) = 42.8%RH

• Air Pressure: 0573
• Data: 24fe

24fe (hex) = 9470 (dec)
9470 x 0.1 (conversion factor) = 947 hPa

Data Sample 2:

Payload (hex) received data: 01be00c002bf000403670122047001ac057324ff

Sensor Data Unit	ID (Channel)	Type	Data
Wind Speed	01	be	00c0
Wind Direction	02	bf	0004
Temperature	03	67	0122
Humidity	04	70	01ac
Air Pressure	05	73	24ff

Convert the sensor data from hexadecimal to decimal:

• Wind Speed: 01be
• Data: 00c0

00c0 (hex) = 192 (dec)
192 x 0.01 (conversion factor) = 1.92 m/s

• Wind Direction: 02bf
• Data: 0004

0004 (hex) = 4(dec)
4 x 1 (conversion factor) = 4°

• Temperature: 0367
• Data: 0122

0122 (hex) = 290 (dec)
290 x 0.1 (conversion factor) = 29° C

• Humidity: 0470
• Data: 01ac

01ac (hex) = 428 (dec)
428 x 0.1 (conversion factor) = 42.8%RH

• Air Pressure: 0573
• Data: 24ff

24ff (hex) = 9471 (dec)
9471 x 0.1 (conversion factor) = 947.1 hPa

Environmental Requirements

Transportation Requirements

warning

• When transporting the battery, avoid severe vibrations, shaking, and exposure to sunlight or rain.
• Do not invert the battery to prevent potential short circuits.
• During loading and unloading, exercise caution to prevent the battery from falling, rolling, enduring heavy pressure, or being inverted.

Storage Requirements

Store the module in a partially charged state, typically around 40 % state of charge (SOC). Ensure the storage environment meets the following requirements:

Temperature and Humidity

Parameter	Value	Remark
Temperature	-30° C to 50° C, 40% SOC	Storage time < 3 months
	0° C to 25° C, 40% SOC	Storage time > 3 months
Humidity	2%RH to 90%RH	< 85% Recommended

• Storage Environment:

  • Store the product in a clean, ventilated, and cool environment.
  • Avoid direct sunlight, high temperatures, corrosive gases, severe vibration, mechanical shaking, and heavy pressure.
  • Keep the product away from heat sources and store it at an altitude below 1500 meters, maintaining atmospheric pressure between 86 kPa and 106 kPa.

• Maintenance:

  • Charge and discharge the device once a month while storing it at room temperature or in a dry and ventilated environment.
  • If storing the device takes more than 30 days, adjust the SOC to 40 % after charging.
  • If the module is expected to be stored for more than 30 days, adjust the State of Charge (SOC) to 40% after charging is completed.

The operation of the product must adhere to the provided operating instructions. Installation, maintenance, and usage of this product must strictly comply with relevant safety regulations.

warning

• Avoid storing or using the product in high-temperature environments, and keep it away from heat sources. Temperatures outside the safe range can significantly reduce the performance and lifespan of the product, and may even cause serious consequences such as combustion and explosion.
• Do not store or use the product in environments with high static electricity or high electromagnetic radiation. Doing so may damage the electronic components of the battery, leading to safety hazards.
• Avoid exposing the battery to water or immersing it in water. Otherwise, it may result in internal short circuits, loss of function, or abnormal chemical reactions, leading to fire, smoke explosion, and other incidents.
• If you notice any smoking, heating, discoloration, deformation, or any other abnormalities during the use, storage, transportation, and service of the product, contact a professional immediately for assistance.
• Do not discard waste batteries in fires or incinerators. Waste batteries should be recycled by professional institutions or organizations.
• It is strictly prohibited to place heavy objects on the product or stack them on top of each other.
• Although this module is not a high-voltage energy storage device, improper operation and use of the device may lead to serious consequences, such as combustion and explosion.
• Only professional technicians must handle the installation and maintenance of the battery system. All operations must strictly adhere to relevant safety regulations. Non-professionals are strictly prohibited from installing, maintaining, and misusing the battery system.