RAK7394 WisGate Developer CM4 Datasheet
Overview
Description
The RAK7394 WisGate Developer CM4 is a LoRaWAN Gateway that has a cellular and a PoE variant. This gateway consists of a RAKR314 CM4 Carrier Board + Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 (CM4), RAK2287 Concentrator, and RAK2287 Pi HAT.
The RAK7394C is the cellular variant, consisting of RAKR314 CM4 Carrier Board + Raspberry Pi CM4, RAK2287 Concentrator, RAK2013 Cellular Pi HAT for cellular connectivity, and RAK2287 Pi HAT.
The RAK7394P is the PoE variant that consists of RAKR314 CM4 Carrier Board + Raspberry Pi CM4, RAK2287 Concentrator, RAK9003 for the PoE support, and RAK2287 Pi HAT.
The RAK2287 Concentrator includes a GPS module and a heat sink for better performance and thermal heat dissipation management, and its housing is built with an aluminum casing. It also uses the SX1302 chip from Semtech® whose built-in LoRa concentrator IP core is a powerful digital signal processing engine. It can receive up to 8 LoRa packets with different spreading factors on different channels and is available in multiple variants so it can be used for international standard bands. This unique capability allows the implementation of innovative network architectures advantageous over other short-range systems.
RAK2287 Pi HAT is a converter board with a Raspberry Pi form factor that enables the RAK2287 module to be mounted on top of the RAKR314 CM4 Carrier Board. It integrates one (1) 40-pin female Pi HAT connector and one mPCIe connector to connect RAK2287 (RAK9003 in PoE variant/RAK2013 in Cellular variant) to the CM4 Carrier Board.
RAKR314 Carrier Board is designed specifically for the Raspberry Compute Module CM4 following the Raspberry Pi4 form factor. This feature-packed board includes a standard 40 PIN GPIO and supports the RAK PoE HAT, making it an excellent choice for power-over-ethernet applications.
With two USB 2.0 ports, two USB 3.0 ports, two USB-type C ports (one for power and one for programming), and an Ethernet port, this board has all the connectivity options you need. The SD card slot also provides extra storage for the eMMC CM4 modules or serves as a main (boot) for non-eMMC modules. One of the best things about the RAKR314 is that it allows you to utilize the power of the CM4 module in the familiar Raspberry Pi form factor, so you can take advantage of all your existing HATs.
RAK7389 is ideal for prototyping, proof-of-concept demonstrations, or evaluation. It includes a ready-to-use LoRaWAN Gateway OS that can be connected to a LoRaWAN server. Also, it is developer-friendly and simple even for not-so-tech users to set up a LoRaWAN system. It has to be the best value and function for connectivity to address a variety of applications like Smart Grid, Intelligent Farm, and other IoT enterprise applications.
By default, the CM4 comes with еMMC and the SD card can be used for additional storage. The SD card can be used for Boot only with CM4 Lite models.
Features
- Computing with Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4.
- Based on the LoRa Concentrator Engine: Semtech SX1302.
- Supports Cellular module (Quectel BG96 or EG95) for NB-IoT / LTE CAT-M1 / LTE CAT1 / LTE CAT4 (only in Cellular variant).
- Built-in Ublox ZOE-M8Q GPS Module.
- Built-in Heat Sink for thermal heat dissipation management.
- Supports 5 V / 3 A and Power-Over-Ethernet (only in PoE variant) power supply.
- IP30 housing.
- TX power up to 27 dBm, RX sensitivity down to -139 dBm @SF12, BW 125 kHz.
- LoRa Frequency band support: RU864, IN865, EU868, US915, AU915, KR920, AS923.
- Includes Pi-ready 'ID EEPROM', GPIO setup, and device tree can be automatically configured from vendor information.
- Supports a fully open-source LoRaWAN server.
Specifications
Overview
The overview covers the RAK7394 board and block diagram.
Circuit Board Modules Stack
The basic building blocks of RAK7394 is summarized in Figures 1, 2, and 3. The RAK2287 is an essential part of it as it provides all LoRaWAN connectivity. It receives and transmits LoRa Frames and takes care of modulating/demodulating the signals among others. The processing of the LoRa Frames, as well as higher-level protocol-related tasks, is done by the embedded host system (Raspberry Pi). Received and processed LoRa Frames are being sent to a LoRaWAN Server. The segmentation of protocol-related tasks is outside the scope of this document.
Figure 9789: RAK7394 System Structure
Figure 9790: RAK7394C System Structure
Figure 9791: RAK7394P System StructureBlock Diagram
RAK7394 is the central hardware solution for all LoRa-based radio communication. It receives and transmits radio messages. The processing of radio messages, as well as the protocol-related tasks, is done by the embedded host system (Raspberry Pi4). Received and processed radio messages are being sent to a LoRaWAN server. The block diagram of RAK7394 is shown in Figure 4.
Figure 9792: RAK7394C Block DiagramThe concrete segmentation of the protocol-related tasks is outside the scope of this document.
RAK9003 Pi HAT
The concrete segmentation of the protocol-related tasks is outside the scope of this document.
Figure 9793: RPi to RAK9003RAK2013 Cellular Pi HAT
The RAK2013 Cellular Pi HAT is an add-on board following the Raspberry Pi HAT standard. It can transmit UART data from the Raspberry Pi thru the Cellular network. It is essentially an LTE CAT4 mode.
An additional feature of the board is the integrated audio codec and audio amplifier, which allow for VoLTE support. Thus, there is an earphone connector, MIC connector, and speaker connector with an audio amplifier.
Figure 9794: RAKR314 to RAK2013Hardware
Interfaces
The interfaces of RAK7394 are shown in Figures 7 and 8.
Figure 9795: RAK7394/RAK7394P Interfaces
Figure 9796: RAK7394C InterfacesRF Characteristics
Operating Frequencies
The RAK7394 models support all LoRaWAN bands.
| Region | Frequency (MHz) |
|---|---|
| Europe | EU433 |
| China | CN470 |
| Russia | RU864 |
| India | IN865 |
| Europe | EU868 |
| North America | US915 |
| Australia | AU915 |
| Korea | KR920 |
| Asia | AS923 |
Cellular Frequency Bands (Only for RAK7394C)
The Quectel EG95 is a series of LTE CAT4 modules optimized specially for M2M and IoT applications. Adopting 3GPP Rel. 11 LTE technology, it delivers 150 Mbps downlink and 50 Mbps uplink data rates.
| Frequency | EG95-E | EG95-NA |
|---|---|---|
| LTE FDD | B1 / B3 / B7 / B8 / B20 / B28A | B2 / B4 / B5 / B12 / B13 |
| WCDMA | B1 / B8 | B2 / B4 / B5 |
| GSM / EDGE | 900 / 1800 MHz | - |
| Region | Europe | North America |
LoRa RF Characteristics
Transmitter RF Characteristics
RAK7394 has excellent transmitter performance. It is highly recommended to use an optimized configuration for the power level configuration, which is part of the HAL. This results in a mean RF output power level and current consumption.
| PA Control | PWID Control | Power |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | 10 | -6 dBm |
| 0 | 13 | -3 dBm |
| 0 | 17 | 0 dBm |
| 0 | 20 | 4 dBm |
| 1 | 0 | 8 dBm |
| 1 | 2 | 10 dBm |
| 1 | 4 | 12 dBm |
| 1 | 7 | 14 dBm |
| 1 | 9 | 16 dBm |
| 1 | 10 | 17 dBm |
| 1 | 12 | 19 dBm |
| 1 | 13 | 20 dBm |
| 1 | 16 | 23 dBm |
| 1 | 18 | 25 dBm |
| 1 | 20 | 26 dBm |
| 1 | 22 | 27 dBm |
- Normally, there is a ±1.5 dBi difference between the actual test value and the table data.
- T=25° C, VDD=5 V (typical) if nothing else is stated.
| Parameter | Condition | Min. | Typical | Max. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frequency Range | - | 863 MHz | - | 870 MHz |
| Modulation Techniques | FSK/LoRa | - | - | - |
| TX Frequency Variation vs. Temperature | Power Level Setting: 20 | -3 kHz | - | +3 kHz |
| TX Power Variation vs. Temperature | Power Level Setting: 20 | -5 dBm | - | +5 dBm |
| TX Power Variation | - | -1.5 dBm | - | +1.5 dBm |
Receiver RF Characteristics
It is highly recommended, to use optimized RSSI calibration values, which is part of the HAL v3.1. For both, Radio 1 and 2, the RSSI-Offset should be set at -169.0. The following table gives the typical sensitivity level of the RAK2287.
| Signal Bandwidth (kHz) | Spreading Factor | Sensitivity (DBM) |
|---|---|---|
| 125 | 12 | -139 |
| 125 | 7 | -125 |
| 250 | 12 | -136 |
| 250 | 7 | -123 |
| 500 | 12 | -134 |
| 500 | 7 | -120 |
Antenna Specifications
LoRa Antenna
The LoRa Antenna with RP-SMA male connector is shown in Figure 10.
Figure 9797: LoRa AntennaLoRa Antenna Dimensions
The antenna's mechanical dimensions are shown in Figure 11.
Figure 9798: LoRa Antenna DimensionsLoRa Antenna Parameters
| Item | Specification |
|---|---|
| Voltage Standard Wave Ratio (VSWR) | 1.5:1 |
| Gain | -2.0 dBi |
| Working Temperature & Humidity | T:-35° C ~ +80° C, H: 0% ~ 95% |
| Storage Temperature & Humidity | T:-40° C ~ +85° C, H: 0% ~ 95% |
LTE Antenna
For a built-in BG96, there is one LTE antenna and one GPS antenna. For module built-in EG91/EG95, there are two LTE antennas and no GPS antenna.
Figure 9799: LTE AntennaLTE Antenna Dimensions
Figure 9800: LTE Antenna DimensionsLTE Antenna Parameters
| Item | Specification |
|---|---|
| Frequency (MHz) | 700 / 800 / 880 / 960 / 1710 / 1880 / 2170 |
| Voltage Standard Wave Ratio (VSWR) | 9.3 / 4.6 / 3.6 / 4.9 / 9.3 / 4.4 / 15 |
| Gain | 1.63 / 1.84 / 1.96 / 2.23 / 0.03 / 0.01 / 1.97 |
| Working Temperature & Humidity | T:-35° C ~ +80° C, H: 0% ~ 95% |
| Storage Temperature & Humidity | T:-40° C ~ +85° C, H: 0% ~ 95% |
GPS Antenna
The GPS antenna with SMA Male Connector for Developer Gateway is shown in Figure 14.
Figure 9801: GPS AntennaGPS Antenna Dimensions
Figure 9802: GPS Antenna DimensionsGPS Antenna Environmental Requirements
| Conditions | Temperature | Humidity |
|---|---|---|
| Working | -35° C ~ +80° C | 0% ~ 95% |
| Storage | -40° C ~ +85° C | 0% ~ 95% |
GPS Antenna Parameters
| Items | Specifications | PET |
|---|---|---|
| Range of Receiving Frequency | 1575.42±1.1 | ±2.5 |
| Center Frequency (MHz) w/ 30 mm2 GND plane | 1575.42 | ±3.0 |
| Bandwidth (MHz) (Return Loss ≤ -10 dB) | ≥10 | ±0.5 |
| VSWR (in Center Frequency) | ≤2.0 | ±0.5 |
| Gain (Zenith) (dBi Typ.) w/ 70 mm2 GND Plane | 4.5 | ±0.5 |
| Axial Ratio (dB) w/ 70 mm2 GND Plane | 3.0 | ±0.2 |
| Polarization | Right-Handed Circular | - |
| Impedance (Ω) | 50 | - |
| Frequency Temperature Coefficient (ppm/ºC) | 0±10 | - |
Amplifier Specifications
| Item | Specification |
|---|---|
| Frequency Range | 1575.42 MHz |
| Gain | 27 dB |
| VSWR | ≤ 2.0 V |
| Noise Coefficient | ≤ 2.0 dBm |
| DC Voltage | 3 ~ 5 V |
| DC Current | 5 ± 2 mA |
Environmental Test Performance Specifications
| Item | Normal Temp. | High Temp. | Low Temp. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amplifier Gain | 27 dB ± 2.0 | 27 dB ± 2.0 | 27 dB ± 2.0 |
| VSWR | ≤ 2.0 | ≤ 2.0 | ≤ 2.0 |
| Noise Coefficient | ≤ 2.0 | ≤ 2.0 | ≤ 2.0 |
- High-Temperature Test: For 24 hours, the device was enclosed in a chamber with temperature and humidity set to 85° C and 95%, respectively. Then, for at least an hour, the temperature is set back to normal. The device experienced no physical deformation.
- Low-Temperature Test: For 24 hours, the device was enclosed in a chamber with a temperature set to -40° C. Then, for at least an hour, the temperature is set back to normal. The device experienced no physical deformation.
Electrical Requirements
The RAK7394/RAK7394C/RAK7394P operates at 5 V / 3 A, which is provisioned through a USB Type-C port.
| Parameter | Min. | Typical | Max. |
|---|---|---|---|
| LoRa Tx mode | - | - | 950 mA |
| Standby power | - | 550 mA | - |
| Burn test mode | - | - | 940 mA |
Mechanical Dimension
The outer dimension of RAK7394 is 92 x 68.3 x 57.2 mm.
The dimensions are the same for the RAK7394C and RAK7394P variants as well.
Figure 9803: RAK7394/RAK7394C/RAK7394P DimensionsEnvironmental Requirements
| Parameter | Min. | Typical | Max. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Operation Temperature Range | -10° C | +25° C | +55° C |
| Storage Temperature Range | -40° C | - | +85° C |
Firmware/OS
| Version | Source |
|---|---|
| v0.7.1 | Download |
